Maths Fundi Study Guide – Grade 4
Sample Pages
Print ISBN: 978–1-7764054-0-4
Edition 2: July 2022
160 A4 pages
18 chapters
Study Guide Table of contents Grade 4
Content Area 1: Numbers, Operations and Relationships
Chapter 1 Whole Number Concepts
| 1.1 | Number Systems |
| 1.1.1 | History of numbers |
| 1.1.2 | Roman Numerals |
| 1.1.3 | Hindu-Arabic Number System |
| 1.2 | Number Concept |
| 1.2.1 | Digits and numbers |
| 1.2.2 | Place value |
| 1.2.3 | Say, read and write numbers |
| 1.2.4 | Expanded notation |
| 1.2.5 | Maths words and listing numbers |
| 1.2.6 | Number lines |
| 1.2.7 | Rounding off |
| 1.2.8 | Compare and order |
| 1.3 | Multiples, Factors and Prime Numbers |
| 1.3.1 | Arrays |
| 1.3.2 | Multiples |
| 1.3.3 | Factors |
| 1.3.4 | Compare factors and multiples |
| 1.3.5 | Prime and composite numbers and 1 |
| Mixed Bag (Workbook only) |
Chapter 2 Whole Number Operations
| 2.1 | Tables and Bonds |
| 2.1.1 | Importance of tables and bonds |
| 2.1.2 | Learning tables: patterns, tricks, shortcuts |
| 2.1.3 | Mastering tables: some practical tools |
| 2.1.4 | Building on basic knowledge |
| 2.2 | Basics for Operations |
| 2.2.1 | Rearranging and grouping numbers |
| 2.2.2 | Opposite (inverse) operations |
| 2.2.3 | Operations with 0 and 1 |
| 2.2.4 | Estimation |
| 2.2.5 | Using a calculator |
| 2.2.6 | Checking |
| 2.3 | Addition and Subtraction |
| 2.3.1 | Even and odd operation facts |
| 2.3.2 | Mental addition and subtraction |
| 2.3.3 | Vertical addition |
| 2.3.4 | Vertical subtraction |
| 2.4 | Multiplication and Division |
| 2.4.1 | Links between operations |
| 2.4.2 | Mental multiplication and division |
| 2.4.3 | Divisibility rules |
| 2.4.4 | Vertical multiplication |
| 2.4.5 | Vertical division |
| 2.5 | Order of Operations (BODMAS) |
| 2.6 | Routine word problems |
| 2.6.1 | Clues for word problems |
| 2.6.2 | Suggested setting out |
| 2.6.3 | Examples |
| 2.7 | Revision of 4 Operations (Workbook only) |
| Mixed Bag (Workbook only) |
Chapter 3 Common Fractions
| 3.1 | Basic Concepts |
| 3.1.1 | What is a fraction? |
| 3.1.2 | Proper fractions |
| 3.1.3 | Equivalent fractions |
| 3.1.4 | Improper fractions and mixed numbers |
| 3.1.5 | Division, remainders and fractions |
| 3.1.6 | Compare and order fractions |
| 3.2 | Addition and Subtraction |
| 3.2.1 | Addition |
| 3.2.2 | Subtraction |
| 3.3 | Fraction of a Whole Number |
| Mixed Bag (Workbook only) |
Chapter 4 Decimal Fractions in Money and Measurement; Introduction to Percentages
| 4.1 | Decimal Fractions: Money |
| 4.1.1 | South African notes and coins |
| 4.1.2 | Fractions in money |
| 4.1.3 | Writing and rounding off money |
| 4.1.4 | Add and subtract money |
| 4.2 | Decimal Fractions: Measurement |
| 4.3 | Introduction to Percentages |
Chapter 5 Ratio and Rate
| 5.1 | Ratio |
| 5.1.1 | What is ratio? |
| 5.1.2 | Simplifying ratios |
| 5.1.3 | Divide a quantity in a given ratio |
| 5.2 | Rate |
| 5.2.1 | What is rate? |
| 5.2.2 | Simplifying rates |
Content Area 2: Patterns, Functions and Algebra
Chapter 6 Number Sentences
| 6.1 | Using a Symbol for the Unknown Value |
| 6.2 | What is a Number Sentence? |
| 6.3 | Finding the value of the unknown |
| 6.3.1 | Methods |
| 6.3.2 | Single operation |
| 6.3.3 | More than one operation |
| 6.4 | Write Number Sentences for Problems |
| Mixed Bag (Workbook only) |
Chapter 7 Patterns
| 7.1 | Maths Words in Patterns |
| 7.2 | Ways of Showing Patterns |
| 7.3 | Number Patterns |
| 7.3.1 | Add or subtract the same number |
| • Single operation patterns | |
| • Two operation patterns | |
| 7.3.2 | Multiply or divide by the same number |
| 7.4 | Patterns in Diagrams |
| 7.5 | Term to Term Changes not Identical |
| Mixed Bag (Workbook only) |
Content Area 3: Geometry (Space and Shape)
Chapter 8 Geometry – Lines and Angles
| 8.1 | Lines |
| 8.1.1 | What is a line? |
| 8.1.2 | Types of straight lines |
| 8.2 | Angles |
| 8.2.1 | What is an angle? |
| 8.2.2 | Compare sizes of angles |
| 8.2.3 | Types of angles |
Chapter 9 Geometry of 2D Shapes
| 9.1 | One- and Two-Dimensional |
| 9.2 | Types of 2D Shapes |
| 9.3 | Polygons |
| 9.3.1 | What are polygons? |
| 9.3.2 | Naming polygons |
| 9.3.3 | Quadrilaterals |
| 9.4 | Symmetry in 2D Shapes |
| 9.4.1 | What is symmetry? |
| 9.4.2 | Symmetry in polygons |
| 9.4.3 | Symmetry in real life |
Chapter 10 Position and Movement of 2D Shapes
| 10.1 | Position using Grid References |
| 10.1.1 | Block grids |
| 10.1.2 | Line grids |
| 10.2 | Transformations |
| 10.2.1 | Types of transformations |
| 10.2.2 | Tessellations |
| 10.2.3 | Tangrams |
Chapter 11 Geometry of 3D Objects
| 11.1 | Three-Dimensional Objects |
| 11.1.1 | What is a 3D object? |
| 11.1.2 | 3D objects in everyday life |
| 11.1.3 | Types of 3D objects |
| 11.1.4 | Parts 3D objects: faces, edges, vertices |
| 11.2 | Polyhedra: Prisms and Pyramids |
| 11.3 | Nets and Naming of 3D Objects |
| 11.4 | Plans and Views of 3D Objects |
| Mixed Bag (Workbook only) |
Content Area 4: Measurement
Chapter 12 Time
| 12.1 | History of Time |
| 12.1.1 | Calendars: years, months and days |
| 12.1.2 | Instruments to measure time of day |
| 12.2 | Units of Time |
| 12.3 | Calendars |
| 12.3.1 | Number of days per month |
| 12.3.2 | Leap years |
| 12.3.3 | Working with calendars |
| 12.4 | Telling Time |
| 12.4.1 | Analogue and digital instruments |
| 12.4.2 | 12-hour time |
| 12.4.3 | 24-hour time |
| 12.4.4 | Conversions: 12-hour 24-hour |
| 12.5 | Calculations with Time |
| 12.5.1 | Time conversions |
| 12.5.2 | Time intervals (period of time) |
| Mixed Bag (Workbook only) |
Chapter 13 Measurement – Temperature, Length, Mass, Capacity
| 13.1 | Introduction to Measurement |
| 13.2 | Temperature |
| 13.3 | Length |
| 13.3.1 | What is length? |
| 13.3.2 | Measuring instruments for length |
| 13.3.3 | Units of length and conversions |
| 13.3.4 | Real life examples of length |
| 13.4 | Mass |
| 13.4.1 | What is mass? |
| 13.4.2 | Measuring instruments for mass |
| 13.4.3 | Units of mass and conversions |
| 13.4.4 | Real life examples of mass |
| 13.5 | Capacity |
| 13.5.1 | What is capacity? |
| 13.5.2 | Measuring instruments for capacity |
| 13.5.3 | Units of capacity and conversions |
| 13.5.4 | Real life examples of capacity |
| Mixed Bag (Workbook only) |
Chapter 14 Perimeter and Area of 2D Shapes
| 14.1 | Perimeter |
| 14.1.1 | What is perimeter? |
| 14.1.2 | Perimeter of irregular shapes |
| 14.1.3 | Perimeter of regular shapes, including squares |
| 14.1.4 | Perimeter of rectangles |
| 14.2 | Area |
| 14.2.1 | What is area? |
| 14.2.2 | Using squares to measure area |
| 14.2.3 | Area of irregular shapes |
| 14.2.4 | Area of squares |
| 14.2.5 | Area of rectangles |
| Mixed Bag (Workbook only) |
Chapter 15 Volume of 3D Objects
| 15.1 | What is Volume? |
| 15.2 | Viewing and Counting Cubes |
| 15.3 | Using Cubes to Measure Volume |
| 15.3.1 | Volume of irregular 3D objects |
| 15.3.2 | Volume of rectangular prisms (cuboids) |
| 15.3.3 | Volume of cubes |
Content Area 5: Data Handling
Chapter 16 Data Handling
| 16.1 | What is Data Handling? |
| 16.2 | Collecting Data |
| 16.3 | Recording and Organising Data |
| 16.4 | Presenting Data: Graphs and Charts |
| 16.5 | Types of Graphs |
| 16.5.1 | Picture graphs / pictographs / pictograms |
| 16.5.2 | Column / bar graphs |
| 16.5.3 | Pie / circle graphs |
| 16.6 | Examine Data and Make Decisions |
| Mixed Bag (Workbook only) |
Chapter 17 Probability
| 17.1 | Introduction to Probability |
| 17.1.1 | What is probability? |
| 17.1.2 | Probability scale |
| 17.2 | Probability Tools |
| 17.2.1 | Coins |
| 17.2.2 | Dice |
| 17.2.3 | Spinners |
| 17.3 | Finding Probability |
| 17.3.1 | All results equally likely |
| 17.3.2 | All results not equally likely |
| 17.4 | Recording Results |
| 17.5 | Two-Way Tables |
All Content Areas: Problem Solving
Chapter 18 Problem Solving
| 18.1 | Important for Teachers |
| 18.2 | Some Habits of Mind |
| 18.3 | Some Strategies |
| 18.3.1 | Get rid of unnecessary information |
| 18.3.2 | Make it simple |
| 18.3.3 | Be a drama queen / king (Act it out) |
| 18.3.4 | Make a model |
| 18.3.5 | Draw a diagram |
| 18.3.6 | Draw up organised lists |
| 18.3.7 | Use a table |
| 18.3.8 | Find a pattern |
| 18.3.9 | Work backwards |
| 18.3.10 | ‘Goldilocks’ method (Guess and improve) |
| 18.4 | Some Useful Methods |
| 18.4.1 | Bar modelling |
| 18.4.2 | Number combinations |
| 18.4.3 | How many shapes? |
| 18.4.4 | Adding consecutive numbers |
| 18.4.5 | Two-way tables |
| 18.4.6 | Venn diagrams |